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CAMBER AND TOE-IN.

FOR BPW, IT‘S PURELY A QUESTION

OF ADJUSTMENT.

Both the camber and toe-in of each BPW axle beam are set at the factory. These are minor values which
have a big effect when driving. This is because the camber and toe-in protect tyres and provide more
driving safety and efficiency.

Perpendicular to
the road surface
Wheel centre plane

Above
q Positive camber – unladen vehicle
Camber is defined as the angle (α) between the wheel centre plane and a line
drawn perpendicular to the road surface. The camber is positive if the top of the
wheel is angled outwards when the axle is unladen.

Above Positive camber – laden vehicle
q The flexural load on the axle beam when the vehicle is laden causes the wheel to
straighten. This means the tyre rolls with optimum road contact when the vehicle
is laden, the most critical condition in terms of tyre wear. This avoids uneven,
premature tyre wear.

Lengthways axis of vehicle Toe-in
Wheel centre plane Toe-in is the angle (b), between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the wheel
centre plane. Toe-in means the front part of the wheel is turned inwards towards
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle – i.e. the distance between the front of the
tyres (A) is less than the distance at the rear (B). When driving, the rolling resist-
Travel direction ance of the tyres causes the angle (b) to be reduced to zero, thereby guarantee-
ing good straight-line stability. Without toe-in, the wheels would attempt to run
outwards.

Camber and toe-in – your benefits at a glance

Setting a positive camber ensures maximum contact Precisely adjusted toe-in ensures good straight-ahead
between the road and the tyres when the vehicle is stability
laden, optimum tyre tracking and avoidance of Lower operating costs and greater driving safety
uneven, premature tyre wear

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